What are the technical differences between air-driven and electric handpieces?
Air-driven
Bur speed avg. 400K-420K RPMs = 14-18 watts of cutting power
Bur will slow down and stop with applied pressure resulting in the need to “feather” prep
Air turbines allow for less bur concentricity
Susceptible to “chatter” during procedure
They are loud and create unpleasant high-pitched noise
Lightweight (however hand and wrist fatigue exist with use)
Electric
Bur speed is variable from 84-200,000 RPM = up to 60 watts of cutting power
Bur will not slow down and stop with applied pressure; it maintains constant torque
Greater speed range creates opportunity to use attachments designed for specific parts of a procedure such as endo or implants
Electric handpieces offer greater concentricity at the bur
Little opportunity for “chatter” = cleaner and more precise cut
Electric handpieces offer smoother and quieter operation
Overall noise is reduced, but not silent
Electric handpieces and motor are heavier than air-driven
Advantages and benefits of electric handpieces versus air-driven
No need to “feather” prep. More torque = more cutting power
Less opportunity for pulp damage. Faster cutting = less heat build-up at prep
Precise margins because of greater control in cutting prep
Cleaner, smoother margins. Smoother running = “milling versus chopping”
For patient and doctor, less noise and motion trauma, and less hand fatigue. Less vibration = quieter operation. No “ditching.” Better concentricity eliminates “chatter”
Improved preps and outcomes. Precise applications, more attachment choices, greater speed ranges
Disadvantages of electric
Increased acquisition cost. More expensive than air-driven
Slight learning curve - must modify approach to cutting; no need to “feather.” Get accustomed to greater torque and cutting power. More attachment choices - must choose the right contra-angle for the technique/application